GraduateSmart
GraduateSmart
Studies the physics of stars, galaxies, and the universe. Heavy theory + observational data analysis. PhD-track.
$70,730
Lower reported wage
$132,170
Median
$191,880
Upper reported wage
Annual U.S. salaries. Actual pay varies by location, employer, and experience. The lower and upper figures do not represent starting and senior salaries.

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Create free account →Research training differs from technician or assistant roles, which may have other degree requirements. [1]
Search CareerOneStop by occupation and state, then confirm the rules with the issuing agency. Coverage is incomplete; an empty result does not mean no license is required.
About license data coverageAsk whether any internship, field placement, or supervised training in your chosen route is paid; arrangements vary.
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U.S. career guide. Program, employer, and state requirements can differ.
Wages reconciled to BLS OEWS May 2024 for SOC 19-2011 (Astronomers): A_PCT10-A_PCT90 = $70,730-$191,880, median $132,170.
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Compare tuition after aid, required supplies and exams, travel, and any unpaid training time for the route you choose.
Planning questions: request a written estimate from each program or sponsor. A total cost has not been verified here.
A related major can be preparation; it does not by itself qualify you for the career.
Investigate physical processes in stars, galaxies, and the universe. [1]
Universities, research institutes, laboratories, and observatories. [1]
Often full time; observing runs, conferences, and deadlines affect hours. [1]
Uncertain results and complex models require persistence and rigorous analysis. [1]
Research contributions may support independent projects or team leadership. [1]
These are possible directions. Promotion timing and pay depend on the role and employer.